Adult Intellectual and Physical Development
Partial Intellectual Decline:
-Theory states that cognitive decline occurs in some areas but not others.
-Contextual Perspective: the recognition that factors, other than age, have an effect on intellectual decline.
-Factors can include culture, one's own goals, motivation, social activities, daily routines, changes in emotion, and one's biological make up.
- Biological effects: declining neural systems, slower neural activation, and less efficient vascular or circulatory processes
-Brian decreases in size with age which leads to neuron loss.
Memory Changes:
-Implicit memory: automatic and unintentional memory
-This type of memory is tested using strategies that don't allow the tester to know that they are being tested.
-Improves from infancy but does not change during adulthood. Elders do not perform worse than younger people.
-Explicit memory: type of memory that uses effort to remember
-This type of memory is tested with recall and recognition tests.
-Improves from infancy to adulthood and then declines.
-Trends found: memory from information learned earlier is superior in older adulthood, older adults respond slower
Physical Decline:
-Exercise and physical activity have been found to link to cognitive function.
-Studies show that exercise can protect against depression, reduce brain tissue loss, limit the risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's disease
-Reaction time and cognitive performance are found to improve when aerobic exercise is done.
How does this relate to physical education?
As physical educators it is our duty to help people build a healthy relationship with their body and help them find a way to be active for the rest of the their lives. Knowing that people decline intellectually and physically can help throughout Physical Education because as a teacher you will be able to accommodate people of different ages.
-Theory states that cognitive decline occurs in some areas but not others.
-Contextual Perspective: the recognition that factors, other than age, have an effect on intellectual decline.
-Factors can include culture, one's own goals, motivation, social activities, daily routines, changes in emotion, and one's biological make up.
- Biological effects: declining neural systems, slower neural activation, and less efficient vascular or circulatory processes
-Brian decreases in size with age which leads to neuron loss.
Memory Changes:
-Implicit memory: automatic and unintentional memory
-This type of memory is tested using strategies that don't allow the tester to know that they are being tested.
-Improves from infancy but does not change during adulthood. Elders do not perform worse than younger people.
-Explicit memory: type of memory that uses effort to remember
-This type of memory is tested with recall and recognition tests.
-Improves from infancy to adulthood and then declines.
-Trends found: memory from information learned earlier is superior in older adulthood, older adults respond slower
Physical Decline:
-Exercise and physical activity have been found to link to cognitive function.
-Studies show that exercise can protect against depression, reduce brain tissue loss, limit the risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's disease
-Reaction time and cognitive performance are found to improve when aerobic exercise is done.
How does this relate to physical education?
As physical educators it is our duty to help people build a healthy relationship with their body and help them find a way to be active for the rest of the their lives. Knowing that people decline intellectually and physically can help throughout Physical Education because as a teacher you will be able to accommodate people of different ages.